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// September 26th, 2012 // No Comments » // Free essays
India is one of the most ancient countries in the world, and almost 200 years was under domination of the English colonialists. In 1947 India obtained the independence, getting status of dominion, and 1950 it was proclaimed a Republic.
India’s Non-alignment Doctrine as a base of Indian foreign policy was formed and adopted by Jawaharlal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of independent India. Wish for the non-alignment status of India was the reason of the creating the Non-Alignment Movement with President Tito of Yugoslavia, President Nasser of Egypt, President Sukarno of Indonesia and President Nkrumah of Ghana. All of them were the leaders of newly formed states. But critics were shocked: how world-famous democrat Jawaharlal Nehru could trust the company of the military dictators.
Nehru expected to form the Third World Bloc in conditions of the Cold War and thought that newly independent countries as Bloc could elicit from the high-developed countries more concessions. Besides, he considered the in this way India could avoid the Cold War. Instead of this India lost its positions regarding the USA and other high-developed countries as a country which had a “double standards in the Cold War standards”( Dr. Subhash Kapila).
The end of the Cold War and new political conditions required India to realize that the non-alignment policy can’t be efficient without political, economical and military forces.
Modern India has become very important figure on the international political scene, but it became reputed only after India revised it archaic foreign policy.
Many critics assert that the hopes of Bush’s administration on the alliance are unjustified. They insist on that India, traditionally adhering to principle of non-alignment, will never become the real ally of the United States. But such experts incorrectly understand the non-alignment of India and nature of its real policy during last 60 years.
Despite persuasion, especially widespread in India, Delhi did not have difficulties with entering into alliances, when it was required by its own interests. Relationships with Soviet Union were built on the basis of Agreement about the world, friendship and collaboration, signed in 1971, and was allied to the alliance (in spite of India’s claim, that such connections did not conflict with the policy of non-alignment).
This pact in many aspects was a classic answer for alliance of Washington, Beijing and Islamabad. India also concluded treaties in the field of safety with its two the less large neighbors – Bhutan and Nepal; history of these mutual relations ascends to the agreements of 1949–1950 years, which had actually protectorate character and which were a reaction on encroachment of China to Tibet.
Actually between the supposed adherence of India to Moralpolitik («moral policy» – unlike clear «power politics», or Machtpolitik) and hope of Bush’s administration on alliance with India there is not contradiction. Delhi substitutes for the idea of «autonomy», so dear the hearts of Indian traditionalists, by conception of transformation of India into the «responsible power».
As a country will begin to realize that its political decisions have global consequences, it will less oppose the taking of one or another part on concrete questions. Forming of alliances and policy of balancing is instruments which are used by all of great states, and accordingly India also, probably, will take them on an armament.
But the fact that Delhi is able to form alliances does not mean that it necessarily will enter into a long-term union with the United States. Will it happen or not depend on the degree of community of both countries interests and from their political capabilities to undertake the united actions. (more…)
