Posts Tagged ‘Contemporary art’

Custom essays on What is visual art and what role does it play in present day society?

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The era of the ideological struggle between the democratic and communist blocs, which peaked in the mid-1970s, affected the development of art making the visual art subject to the ideological struggle. As a result, such new movements as social realism persisted in the communist bloc, whereas artists working in democratic countries carried on experimenting and focused on the commercialization of the visual art. As a result, such artists as Andy Warhol gave rise to the pop art which was primary concerned with material benefits of art being oriented on the mass audience.
Nevertheless, some specialists, for instance George Dickie (1988), still attempt to evaluate the visual art from the perspective of various art theories. In fact, George Dickie stresses the aesthetic value of art distinguishing it from pop culture oriented on the mass audience (1988). Therefore, he has a different view on the visual art compared to the view of Danto. Dickie develops the idea of the domination of the trend of the visual art as the unique artistic form, which preserves great aesthetic value and which is not always understandable for the mass audience. As a result, he writes about the existence of the art for the elite that can understand and appreciate the visual art (Dickie, 1988). In such a way, the concept of the art for the art’s sake arises.
Many specialists and artists stand on the ground that the modern art, the art of the 20th century, tends to immaterialism. In this respect, it is possible to refer to Yves Klein who attempted to explain the evolution of the 20th century art and laid emphasis on the shift from realism, which was typical for the middle and late 19th century to immaterialism of the 20th century (Bonesteel, 2000). He argued that the art of the 20th century grew more and more immaterial, since artists tended to experiments. These experiments resulted in the wider use of abstraction and stimulated the emergence of such movements as impressionism, surrealism, cubism and others, among which many were really distant ideologically, technically and stylistically from traditional realistic art. In fact, in the 20th century visual, realism was a kind of conservative art movement which had scarce resources to convey the artist’s ideas to the mass audience. Instead, new forms of art were welcomed. (more…)

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The development of the contemporary art was characterized by the emergence of modernist movements in the 20th century which have changed the art consistently and led to the emergence of the postmodernist visual art in the late 20th – early 21st century. Views on art and artists have started to change to the extent that artists were perceived as a kind of unique cast, which created works of art for the art’s sake. It proves beyond a doubt that the role of art and artists in the modern world has changed consistently. The visual art has become subject to the commercialization but, in the meantime, the visual art has preserved its artistic value that led to the controversy within the visual art development and to the split of the visual art on the visual art for the mass audience and the visual art for the art’s sake.
The second half of the 20th century gave rise to new experiments in the visual art, appearance of new forms and technologies used in the visual art. At this point, it is necessary to understand the essence of art and the role of art and artists in the society. Leo Tolstoy suggests that the art should not be viewed as some exclusive activity or work which is destined to a limited number of people. As the matter of fact, art is not… the manifestation of some mysterious idea of beauty or God; it is not… a game in which man lets of his excess of stored-up energy… but it is a means of union among men, joining them together in the same feelings, and indispensable for the life and progress toward well-being of individuals and of humanity” (Tolstoy 2006).
Consequently, it is obvious that art is just a sort of communication between the artist and the audience and it is very important that they could maintain their ideological contact, i.e. they should properly understand the message encoded in the art work, while the medium apparently turns to be secondary since, “if only the spectators or auditors are infected by the feelings which the author has felt, it is art” (Tolstoy 2006). Obviously, such a view on art helps understand the impact of mechanical and electronic reproduction of works of art on the nature of art in the second half of the 20th century. In fact, the idea that mechanical and electronic reproduction is just a new medium of conveying of works of art to the mass audience is unquestionable. (more…)

Customized essay on The Effect of Globalization on Contemporary Art

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Certainly, it is only a piece of vast picture that brings with itself globalization. The same as mobility of people evens between itself countries and cultures, does mobility of commodities. In television industry it is well known fact that most easy to sale in most countries so-called «films of action», «thrillers». Heroism, excitation and violence, not too differentiate in different cultures. Comedies, with their nuances and specific hints it is much difficult to sell abroad. A global cinema market pushes slightly to that, to make anymore «thrillers», than comedies, for example. Moreover, comedies must be simple, as hardness complication of language to translate. All of it is not instrumental in upgrading films. The same situation we can see also in musical industry, as musicians offer the products of western audience, which does not have deep understanding of music, but aspires to aesthetic pleasure. Globalization, though favor the development of musical industry, often contains the seed of subsequent decomposition, pushing slightly creators to lowering of quality of their creations, to conquer a mass market.
Thus, taking into account all above stated it is possible to conclude that globalization is destroying the diversity of art, because it simplified it and take away national identity. In time of globalization many countries moving towards an international style which does not conform to the diversity of human culture, because every nation creates and saves the culture as character of realization of the right. Nation, as cultural reality, proves in different spheres, which a consuetude, orientation of will, valued orientation, language, written language, art, poetry, legal proceeding, are, religion et cetera. Nation must see the higher function in existence of nation as such. It always must care of strengthening of sovereignty of the state. The maintenance of originality and its strengthening, mainly, depends on activity of internal forces and from the exposure of national internal energy. A culture of community is not simple the sum of cultures of individuals, it is super individual and is an aggregate of values, creative products and standards of conduct of community of people. A culture is the unique force, forming a man as member of community. (more…)

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In relation to the countries of Western Europe, where the globalist idea was born, their position is very difficult now. They are the partners of the USA in globalization’s processes, but obviously, this tramples on their national dignity. They try to rehabilitate it in defense of language and artistic culture. It is clearly noted at near consideration of the French, German and Italian cultures; creation of new common currency can be interpreted the same way. As for England, it satisfies the ambitions already that the world language as a result of globalization is become by English.
More restrained opposition to globalization is shown by the representatives of the Chinese culture; they, if it is possible expressed in such way, try to erect the Great Chinese wall on a modern manner. The Chinese culture experiences changes tragic. They consider that every change yet more removes them from the cultural ideal of “golden age”. Therefore Chinese try to be not added that language, a talk on which will put on the back burner national values. Chinese, for example, avoid a talk about human rights, due to what, as it appears them, save originality. Obvious opposition would be superfluous troubles, and does not cause the USA them on obvious confrontation, because in this country did not yet get strong and did not develop international capital; in addition, it a country possesses a nuclear weapon and, as a military space program is not carried out so far, the opened confrontation with China will inflict perceptible harm to the national interests of America. Saying about Indian culture Scheuerman emphasize that “Indian culture even today does not betray principles of Buddhist world and, as if, is back from world processes. It neither for nor against; and none predominant country-power tries to disturb it, as if asleep child.” (Scheuerman, 2004) Taking into account Japan Bhagwati said that “Japan, on the basis of the unique experience, which is expressed in the original synthesis of tradition and European values, considers that globalization will not be able to sharpen basis of its culture, and tries to use globalization processes for strengthening of own traditions.”(Bhagwati, 2004) (more…)

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The culture is a historically certain level of development of society and a person, which manifests itself through types and forms of the organization of life and activity of people. Tomlinson argues that “the concept of culture is used for description of financial and spiritual level of development of certain historical epochs”, social-economic structures, concrete societies, nationalities and nations (for example, ancient culture, culture of Maya), and also specific spheres of activity or life (culture of labor, artistic culture, culture of the way of life). (Tomlinson, 1999) Spalding considered that “in more narrow sense term «culture» attribute only to the sphere of spiritual life of people.” (Spalding, 2003) In ordinary consciousness a «culture» comes forward as collective appearance, uniting an art, religion, science et cetera.
Culturology uses the concept of culture, which exposes essence of human life as realization of creation and freedom. Exactly a culture distinguishes a man from all other creatures. The concept of culture is designated by universal attitude of man toward the world, through which persons are created by the world and itself. Every culture – it is an unique universe, created certain attitude of man toward the world and to itself. By other words, studying different cultures, we study books, cathedrals or archaeological finds not simply, – we open for us new human worlds in which people and lived, and felt otherwise, than we do. Every culture is the method of creative self-realization of a man. And contemporary art allows to understand how people perceive surrounding reality exactly today, not yesterday but exactly today. Therefore understanding of other cultures enriches people with not only new knowledge but also with new creative experience. (more…)

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Today it is hard to find more popular and debatable theme, than globalization. Different conferences and symposiums, modern books and articles are devoted to this topic. Various scientists, politicians, journalists, people of art think about this topic and try to find answers on their questions. As a subject of different debates, we can use every topic in the frames of globalization, because it is a very broad topic that has different sides and interesting aspects. Plenty of opinions and approaches do not guarantee the deep examination of this theme. Globalization is considered difficult question that is not difficult only for mass consciousness but also to scientific analysis too. At the end of the 20th century epochal events and changes happened in the world, including all countries and nationalities. The modern world is affected by the process of globalization in which not a single country or group of countries can be fully fenced off from each other. Globalization leaves roots deeply in the layer of history, and, however, it is the phenomenon of the 20th century. From this point of view our century can be defined as an age of globalization. Therefore, the lessons of the 20th century are especially meaningful and important for understanding of its prospects. In such a context, it is important to discuss the effect of globalization on the contemporary art. People live in the quickly changing world and globalization influences greatly all spheres of the life, including art. Globalization is destroying the diversity of art, and moving towards an international, homogeneous style which does not conform to the diversity of national cultures. (more…)

Custom college essays on The Effect of Globalization on Contemporary Art

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In spite of triumph of synthetic culture, even the most stubborn cosmopolitans can not ignore the cultural costs of globalization. Dallmayr marked that “Fact, that not a single culture can survive the blow of modern civilization”. (Dallmayr 114) McLuhan mentioned that “globalization is an instrument for destroy of art and creativity of different nations” (McLuhan 98) We should agreed with this statement and add that globalization is also destroying the diversity of art, and moving towards an international style which does not conform to the diversity of human culture. The cultural development, as well as economy growing, rarely takes place at once in many directions. Rather, quickly some sectors grow only, while other grows short and disappear. Today hardness to talk that the Polynesian culture feels better, than pair of centuries back, although Polynesian and live richer, than before. Materialism, alcohol, western technologies, Christianity was inflicted it irreparable harm. Appiah added that “today it barely vegetates on the backyards of the West.” (Appiah 47) We can even mention that some contemporary commentators suppose that China opened Tibet for the outer world not from considering of tolerance or from nobleness, but to prang the culture of Tibet. Coca-cola and western tourists did what did not succeed to be done by communists for many decades – to weaken attachment of Tibet to the history, rituals, temples, Buddhist religion. It is really awful situation when cultural and art masterpieces are influenced not by native art and culture but they influenced by another cultures destroying in such way their national identity and the heart of nation. For example, the Kingdom Bhutan in Himalayas requires from foreign tourists to pay two hundred dollars in a day, trying to protect the culture and national identity. In the kingdom there is no street illumination and cities with a population more than ten thousand habitants. Wild dogs howl on streets. Poverty and malnutrition is a matter of course here, but a country protects the Buddhist mythology and art. (more…)

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it is possible to estimate that Stuart Hall develops the ideas of Arjun Appadurais and reveals how the interaction between people occurs and the impact of cultural and social background of individuals on their interaction.
Hamid Naficy’s also attempts to trace the development of the contemporary culture and the impact of media on it. He basically focuses his research on the life of Iranian community in Los Angeles and he attempts to show that the impact of media in the modern world is very significant, to the extent that they can maintain the specific culture into the culturally diverse community. In this respect, it should be said that Hamid Naficy enlarges the views of both Arjun Appadurais and Stuart Hall on the development of cultures and impact of media. In fact, he focuses on what Appadurais defines as the mediascapes and partially ethnicscapes, and attempts to trace the link between Iranian media as the producer and local communities as consumers of culture. In his research, the author arrives to the conclusion that media can contribute to the formation of a specific cultural and ideological views of the audience. The influence may be so significant that even such a diverse cultural background as that of Los Angeles proves to be unable to resists effectively to the impact of media and slow down the assimilation of “exile cultures”
The contemporary art is a different world of beautiful things that should be influenced only by talent and creativity but not by globalization or other occurrences. Falk states that “contemporary art trends are difficult to define and understand. The contemporary art may appear to be from another planet to a novice art viewer. Traditional landscapes, pastoral scenes and elegant women has gone, being replaced by violent, scratched looking canvasses and shapes. Even torn, rusted, broken bits of detritus are co-opted to become part of these new artworks. And an individual work of art might encompass painting, sculpture, graffiti, even film.” (Falk 74) (more…)

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it is possible to refer to Arjun Appadurais whose conceptual research “Disjuncture and the difference in the global cultural economy” provides important information about the development of the contemporary culture. It should be pointed out that the central concept of the contemporary culture, according to Arjun Appadurais is the concept of the imaginary. He argues that the contemporary society develops cultural activities as social imaginary. In other words as activities which actually do not obligatory have the link with some elements of the surrounding reality. Instead, the imaginary plays increasing more important role to the extent that it is even possible to speak about the imagined communities.
Basically, the author states that the concept of the imaginary is dominant because he views imagination as a social practice. To put it more precisely, he argues that “the imagination has become an organized field of social practices, a form of work… and a form of negotiation between sites of agency… and globally defined fields of possibilities” (During 2005, p.31). As a result, he points out that the imaginary has penetrated practically all spheres of human activities and become an essential part of the contemporary culture, its major characteristic.
On the basis of his concept of the imaginary Arjun Appadurais distinguishes five dimensions of the global cultural flow, which actually constitute the imaginary. The first dimension is ethnoscapes, which is represented by different ethnic groups that have a common socio-cultural background and they form their own social practices, their own imaginary as a part of their particular culture. In such a way, it is possible to speak about ethnic cultural division of the contemporary global culture that means that the researcher still distinguishes the existence of ethnic cultures in the context of the broader global culture. The second dimension is mediascapes. This dimension is formed by the contemporary media which actually produce a profound impact on the formation of an individual, his/her identity and, therefore, his/her cultural views. The third dimension is technoscapes which is formed under the impact of the development of new technologies and which actually contributes to the dramatic changes in the contemporary culture caused by the wide use of new technologies that open new opportunities for interpersonal communication and eliminates physical boundaries between people representing different socio-cultural groups. The fourth dimension is finanscapes, which are basically related to the field of economy but, the researcher points out that the impact of economy, especially economic globalization, on the contemporary culture is enormous because global economy stimulates cooperation and interaction between different cultures. (more…)

Custom essays on The Effect of Globalization on Contemporary Art

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The first is distribution of western individualistic values among all to greater part of population of the world. These values are promoted by social institutes which acknowledge individual human rights and attempt to protect human rights at the international level.
It is possible to name the establishment of western lifestyle and values as the second trend in the development of the contemporary world. Bureaucracy of organization and rationalism, materialistic points of view, the values of economic efficiency and political democracy spread in the world from the times of European Enlightenment. At the same time, it is necessary to acknowledge the special role of cultural consensus in the world. Although the world system always was culturally diverse, it is impossible to ignore the growing influence of western values: rationality, individualism, equality, to efficiency – in other parts of the world. The process of globalization of culture creates close connection between economic and cultural disciplines. The economic sphere is extremely important according to Timms who states that it “can be talked about economic influence on culture and vice versa”. (Timms 25). The public production is more oriented on creation of intellectual, cultural and spiritual blessings and services or on the production of “characters”, and in the field of culture the laws of market and competition are stronger felt (“mass culture”). (more…)

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