Custom essays on Philosophy Paper

Steve Pavlina reckons that reality is at least partially and gives arguments proving her thesis. She states that external truth cannot be separated from thoughts of a person, hence, thoughts affect external reality. He presupposes that reality is partially formed by thoughts, we cannot purely look to external reality as an impartial observer, as our thoughts then create things which we try to observe. Our beliefs will not allow perception to be objective, they will be reshaping reality. According to Steve Pavlina’s argumentation: “If quantum theory is to be believed, then it’s clear that our observations influence reality. An unobserved quantum system can be expressed only probabilistically, but an observed one undergoes quantum collapse…”(Pavlina). So this proves that thoughts are unavoidably affecting reality either through direct or indirect actions or bypassing direct action through super conscious means. St. Pavlina reckons that thoughts have considerable impact on external reality. The approach of looking at the problem from outside will work only is a man could have been a passive observer taking a detached view on an independent system (Pavlina). But we seem to have a distorted view, watching only some fragment calling it reality, according to Deepak Chopra “if we don’t have the complete map then we will not explore the territory that is not within the framework of that map” (Chopra). As remarked in External Reality and Subjective Experience, mental maps become our beliefs about ourselves and the environment, form strategies for interacting with the external environment. That is why mental maps differ from the external reality on which they are founded. Our perceptions represent external reality differently, as when we perceive, we engage in such processes as deletion, generalization and distortion. In this case, the external reality is observed neither accurately nor completely. Steven Lehar gives his reasons concerning our consciousness influence on perception and external reality. He cites a philosophic poet Emily Dickenson: “The brain is wider than the sky, for, put them side by side, the one the other will contain with ease and you beside” (Dickenson).

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In his The Two Worlds of Reality Lehar raises the question whether what we see around is real world or whether it is just a copy of the world formed in consciousness in brain process. In philosophical terms, this is division between direct realism and indirect realism. He gives convincing reasons that casual chain of vision clearly demonstrates that our brain is not capable of experiencing the world beyond the sensory perception (Lehar). According to Deepak Chopra, the world is made up of forces such as gravitation which comprise Unified Field. As Steven Lehar informs “it is the external nature of perception which has led many philosophers through the ages to conclude that there is something deeply mysterious about consciousness…beyond our capacity to fully comprehend” (Lehar). One of the questions philosophers put is: how can the external nature of the visual world as observed in subjective experience be explained? In his works Freud, for instance, examines how material reality becomes internalized and reality is primarily subjective. According to him, external reality always remains unknowable. But like Kant, Freud did not support Berkeley’s idea that there exists only mental reality. Generally material reality and psychical reality began to be distinguished only at the beginning of the twentieth century. In France Jacques Lacan considered real to be unattainable to subjectivize. Buddhism developed a number of philosophical traditions and ideas of reality, but mainly perceived reality is considered illusory or literally unreal. According to Gudo Nishijima, external reality is the external world itself which is in front of us (Nishijima). I cannot help but agree with Steven Lehar that the profound insight into the true nature of reality is as important as revolutions or cosmos mastering, but due to the eternal reality’s nature lying beyond human comprehension this point is still disputable and will remain so as either we ascribe priority to external reality or to consciousness, we will have to follow our experience and, cultural prejudice and person aesthetics.

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